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Chinese | Punjabi Shahmukhi | |
---|---|---|
Family | Sino-Tibetan | Indo-European, Indo-Aryan |
Speakers | Over 1.4 billion (including all varieties) | Approximately 130 million (includes speakers of both Gurmukhi and Shahmukhi scripts) |
Features | A tonal language with logographic writing, featuring complex characters and a rich history; includes numerous dialects, with Mandarin being the standard form | Written in a modified Perso-Arabic script; primarily used by Punjabi speakers in Pakistan and some parts of India. Unlike Gurmukhi, Shahmukhi is written from right to left. |
Countries | China (official), Taiwan (official), Singapore (official), and Chinese-speaking communities worldwide | Pakistan (primary script for Punjabi), India (minority use), and Punjabi-speaking diaspora communities |
Writing System | Chinese characters (Hanzi), Simplified and Traditional scripts | Shahmukhi script (Perso-Arabic script with additional characters) |
Tonal | Yes, tones differ by dialect (e.g., 4 in Mandarin, 6+ in Cantonese) | Yes, tonal distinctions are important for meaning |
Grammatical Cases | No, uses word order and particles | No, relies on word order and postpositions |
Derived From | Classical Chinese, with roots in Old Chinese and Middle Chinese | Perso-Arabic script, adapted for Punjabi phonology |
Loanwords | From Sanskrit, English, and other neighboring languages | From Arabic, Persian, and English |
Dialects | Includes Mandarin (official standard), Cantonese, Shanghainese, Hakka, Min, Wu, and others, with significant variations in pronunciation and vocabulary | Includes Majhi, Doabi, Malwai, Pothohari, and others. Standard Shahmukhi is based on the Majhi dialect spoken around Lahore. |
Alphabets | No alphabet, but characters represent words or morphemes; examples include 一 (one), 人 (person), 山 (mountain), 水 (water) | ا, ب, پ, ت, ٹ, ث, ج, چ, ح, خ, د, ڈ, ذ, ر, ڑ, ز, ژ, س, ش, ص, ض, ط, ظ, ع, غ, ف, ق, ک, گ, ل, م, ن, ں, و, ہ, ء, ی, ے |
Yes, this text translation from Chinese to Punjabi Shahmukhi is completely free
Yes, you can translate up to 1500 characters in one request.
Yes, we use Google API for translatio. So translation is accurate
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