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NKo | Madurese | |
---|---|---|
Family | Mande | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian |
Speakers | Primarily used as a written language for various Mande languages, such as Maninka, Bambara, and Dyula | Approximately 13.5 million |
Features | A unifying script for Mande languages, written from right to left; designed to provide a standardized orthography for languages in the Mande family | A language with distinct phonetic features, such as a reduced vowel inventory and a preference for glottal stops; it exhibits a high degree of mutual unintelligibility with Javanese despite geographic proximity. |
Countries | Guinea, Mali, Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal, and neighboring West African countries | Indonesia (primarily on Madura Island and in parts of East Java, including Surabaya and surrounding areas) |
Writing System | N’Ko script | Latin script (modern use), previously Javanese and Pegon scripts (Arabic-derived script) |
Tonal | Yes, tones are marked with diacritical marks | No |
Grammatical Cases | No, uses word order and particles instead | No, uses prepositions and affixes to mark relationships |
Derived From | Proto-Malayo-Polynesian | |
Loanwords | Varies by Mande language, often from Arabic and French | From Javanese, Sanskrit, Arabic, and Dutch |
Dialects | Used to transcribe multiple Mande languages, so there are no inherent dialects within N’Ko itself | Includes Bangkalan, Sumenep, and Pamekasan dialects, with significant lexical and phonological differences |
Alphabets | ߊ, ߋ, ߌ, ߍ, ߎ, ߏ, ߐ, ߑ, ߒ, ߓ, ߔ, ߕ, ߖ, ߗ, ߘ, ߙ, ߚ, ߛ, ߜ, ߝ, ߞ, ߟ, ߠ, ߡ, ߢ, ߣ, ߤ, ߥ, ߦ | A, B, C, D, E, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, R, S, T, U, W, Y, Z |
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